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Immunology

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LO's • Describe the general components of the lymphatic system and list its functions • Describe the formation and flow of lymph • List and describe the primary and secondary lymphatic organs of the body • Describe the development of the lymphatic system • Discuss the roles of the skin and mucous membranes, antimicrobial substances, phagocytosis, inflammation, and fever in nonspecific resistance to disease • Define immunity and describe how T cells and B cells arise • Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody • Describe the roles of antigen presenting cells, T cells, and B cells in cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity • Explain how self-tolerance occurs the four types of pathogens are- fungi, bacteria, parasites and virus The immune system consists of four organs: 1) Bone marrow - origin of all immune response cells 2) Thymus - cells are matured and tested here 3) Spleen - an immunologic filter which stores cells 4) Lymph nodes a...
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Cytology

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L.O: 1. Knowledge of cellular  morphology  and the structure/ function of cell organelles. 2. A basic understanding of the structure/ function of the  plasmamembrane . 3. An awareness of microbiological factors (e.g.  prokaryotes  vs  eukaryotes ). 4. Knowledge of physiological terms:  ‘ Metabolism ’; ‘Catabolism’; ‘Anabolism’.           We need to know the  structure and functions at a cellular level in order to understand tissues in health and disease; changes in function leads to diseases such as cancer                       - The principal components of a cell are the: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol Organelles, with a distinct structure Inclusions - secretory and storage material -Intracellular matrix can be fluid or solid (when solid,  referred  to as 'ground substance') - Most cells are in the...
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Homeostasis

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L.O: 1. An awareness of the relevance of  Physiology to health and disease within an osteopathic context. ● 2. An understanding of the concept of  Homeostasis , its importance in healthy functioning, and the consequences of homeostatic dysfunction. ● 3. The ability to describe the components of a  Control System , an appreciation of Open vs. Closed systems and an awareness of biological rhythms. ● 4. An awareness of the human organism in an  Ecological  context. Ecology Homeostasis has enabled the human body to be an 'open' system , where the systems of the body interact with the environment/ ecosystem Therefore, the physiology of the human individual must be appreciated in the broader context of human populations, communities and environment. Such an approach is of value in analysing the complexity of influences concerning health and disease and in the context of an osteopathic clinic. An open system differs from a closed one in that...
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